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Dobrinka Genevska-Hanke; Cornelia Hamann – Language Learning Journal, 2024
This study investigates the use of overt and null subjects in Bulgarian in child heritage speakers with L2 German. The alternation of overt and null pronominal subjects in null-subject languages like Bulgarian depends on grammatical and discourse conditions and contrasts with German. Oral narratives were elicited in Bulgarian, comparing the…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, German, Bilingualism
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Rodrigues, Monyka L.; Kozak, Stephanie; Martin-Chang, Sandra – Reading Psychology, 2023
The Matthew effects suggest that children who struggle when learning to read are less likely to read for pleasure later in life compared to children who ease into reading quickly. One aspect of early literacy instruction that might hamper reading progress is learning to read simultaneously in two languages. Despite the long-lasting and widespread…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Literacy Education, Learning Theories, Reading Difficulties
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María G. Lang; Georgia Earnest García – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2024
This ethnographic study utilized border theory to examine how a bilingual Latinx teacher created equitable instruction for Mexican immigrant second-graders in a 50-50 dual-language (DL) classroom in the U.S. Midwest. Approximately half the students in the DL classroom came from Spanish-speaking, working-class homes, and half from English-speaking,…
Descriptors: Immigrants, Ethnography, Bilingual Education Programs, English
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Mulligan, Gail M.; McCarroll, Jill Carlivati; Flanagan, Kristin Denton; Potter, Daniel – National Center for Education Statistics, 2015
The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011), is collecting information about the early educational experiences of a nationally representative sample of children who were in kindergarten or who were of kindergarten age in ungraded classrooms or schools in the 2010-11 school year. The data collection began in…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Kindergarten, Young Children, Grade 2
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Li, Guofang – Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 2006
Although Chinese has become the third largest mother tongue in both Canada and the USA, Chinese/English biliteracy development has received little attention in educational research. This article explores three Chinese-Canadian first and second graders' biliteracy (Chinese/English reading and writing) and trilingual (Mandarin, Cantonese, and…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Chinese, Language Dominance, Immigrants