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Download full textRussakoff, Dale – Foundation for Child Development, 2011
In 1974, the United States Supreme Court ruled in "Lau v. Nichols" that 1,800 Chinese-speaking children in the San Francisco public schools were entitled to English-language instruction or other support to help them understand what was happening in their classrooms. Thirty-six years later, state and local responsibilities to public…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gap, English (Second Language), Speech Communication
Peer reviewed
Direct linkLaija-Rodriguez, Wilda; Ochoa, Salvador Hector; Parker, Richard – Bilingual Research Journal, 2006
The Office of Civil Rights (2001) and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Antunez, 2003) mandate that language proficiency and academic achievement be measured in order to provide equal educational opportunities to English language learners and have an accountability system for their language and academic growth. The Cognitive Academic Language…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Spanish, English (Second Language), Academic Achievement
