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Baker, Doris Luft; Stoolmiller, Mike; Good, Roland H., III; Baker, Scott K. – School Psychology Review, 2011
We empirically examined the effect of reading comprehension on passage fluency in English and Spanish in the context of Cummins interdependence hypothesis (1979) and Perfetti's blueprint of the General Components of Reading (1999). Participants were 96 second-grade English learners being taught to read in Spanish and English. Measures in both…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Fluency, Structural Equation Models, School Psychologists
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Fien, Hank; Baker, Scott K.; Smolkowski, Keith; Smith, Jean L. Mercier; Kame'enui, Edward J.; Beck, Carrie Thomas – School Psychology Review, 2008
This study examined the validity of Nonsense Word Fluency as an index of beginning reading proficiency for students in kindergarten through second grade. Validity evidence for Nonsense Word Fluency is addressed in the context of research-based instructional practices implemented on a large scale. Technical adequacy data are presented for all…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Early Reading, Beginning Reading, School Psychologists