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Walpuski, Maik; Ropohl, Mathias; Sumfleth, Elke – Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 2011
In 2004 national educational standards for chemistry were implemented in Germany. While the standards describe different competencies to be reached after grade 10, no compulsory contents are defined. The contents are defined by the different German states individually. This means that there are no defined common topics taught in all states that…
Descriptors: Test Items, Foreign Countries, Reading Skills, Grade 10
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Marszalek, Jacob M.; Odom, Arthur L.; LaNasa, Steven M.; College, Donnelly; Adler, Susan A. – Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2010
Recent studies of the relationship between teacher preparation pathways and student achievement have resulted in similar statistics but contradictory conclusions. These studies as a group have several limits: they sometimes focus on student-level indicators when many policy decisions are made with indicators at the school-level or above, are…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, High Stakes Tests, Teacher Qualifications, Teacher Certification