ERIC Number: EJ1353570
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2022-Dec
Pages: 19
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0922-4777
EISSN: EISSN-1573-0905
Available Date: N/A
Typical 6-Year-Old Children's Confusion between "b" and "d" in Reading Cannot Be Assimilated to Reversal
Fischer, Jean-Paul; Luxembourger, Christophe
Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, v35 n10 p2433-2451 Dec 2022
Young children, who are exposed to Latin script letters, experience difficulties in distinguishing between the reversible letters b and d and may therefore transform b into d (and vice versa). When children begin to write, in cultures with left-to-right writing/reading systems, they also often turn Arabic digits in the direction of writing/reading, thus, for example, producing e instead of 3. However, two different terms or processes, namely, confusion and reversal, are used in the literature to label these apparent transformations. This study aimed to provide empirical evidence that the two processes are indeed very different. The sample consisted of 529 first graders (M[subscript age] = 6.21 years) who participated in the French National Assessment at the beginning of the school year. Simple linear, Bayesian, and logistic regression modeling of the left-right reversal rate in writing digits as a function of the confusion rate in children's recognition of the letters b and d showed a negative relationship between the two rates, and a nonparametric test yielded a significant negative correlation (r[subscript S](318) = -0.373, p < 0.001). These results seem to rule out the possibility that the same process leads to reversing characters (letters or digits) in writing and misrecognizing b as d (or vice versa). This is the first study reporting strong empirical evidence that the processes of reversal and confusion are very different. Consequently, it would be a mistake to treat confusion between b and d as the reversal of b into d (and vice versa).
Descriptors: Alphabets, Emergent Literacy, Elementary School Science, Grade 1, Foreign Countries, Recognition (Psychology)
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education; Early Childhood Education; Grade 1; Primary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: France
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A