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Kim, Young-Suk; Wagner, Richard K.; Lopez, Danielle – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2012
From a developmental framework, relations among list reading fluency, oral and silent reading fluency, listening comprehension, and reading comprehension might be expected to change as children's reading skills develop. We examined developmental relations among these constructs in a latent-variable longitudinal study of first and second graders.…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Silent Reading, Reading Fluency
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Kim, Young-Suk; Wagner, Richard K.; Foster, Elizabeth – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2011
In the present study, we examined oral and silent reading fluency and their relations with reading comprehension. In a series of structural equation models with latent variables using data from 316 first-grade students, (a) silent and oral reading fluency were found to be related yet distinct forms of reading fluency, (b) silent reading fluency…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Silent Reading, Reading Fluency