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Direct linkLevitt, Steven D.; Fryer, Roland G. – Education Next, 2004
On average, black students typically score one standard deviation below white students on standardized tests--roughly the difference in performance between the average 4th grader and the average 8th grader. Historically, what has come to be known as the black-white test-score gap has emerged before children enter kindergarten and has tended to…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Family Characteristics, African American Students, White Students
