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Direct linkYork, Mary J.; Foorman, Barbara R.; Santi, Kristi L.; Francis, David J. – Assessment for Effective Intervention, 2011
We examined student-, classroom-, and school-level effects in predicting second-grade Spanish-speaking children's oral reading fluency in Spanish. Teachers in 67 randomly selected urban schools administered the Tejas LEE to 1,537 first- and second-grade students. Oral reading fluency was measured in the passages students read for comprehension.…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Bilingual Students, Mentors, Reading Fluency
Branum-Martin, Lee; Foorman, Barbara R.; Francis, David J.; Mehta, Paras D. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2010
This study of 1,338 Spanish-speaking 1st graders examined contextual effects of bilingual programs on reading comprehension and the effect of language of instruction within these contexts. The study included 128 classrooms in 32 schools located in border Texas and in urban Texas and California. These classrooms used either English immersion or…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Immersion Programs, Beginning Reading, Language of Instruction
Cirino, Paul T.; Vaughn, Sharon; Linan-Thompson, Sylvia; Cardenas-Hagan, Elsa; Fletcher, Jack M.; Francis, David J. – American Educational Research Journal, 2009
The authors report 1-year follow-up data from 215 English language learners with reading difficulties who received a supplemental first grade reading intervention in the language of their core reading instruction. The researchers provided no intervention or boosters in second grade. The Spanish study revealed significant differences favoring…
Descriptors: Intervention, Reading Difficulties, Spanish Speaking, English (Second Language)
