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Melissa V. Stalega; Devin M. Kearns; Jessica Bourget; Nina Bayer; Michael Hebert – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2024
Purpose: Phonological awareness (PA), the awareness of sounds in spoken words, is strongly linked to reading outcomes. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of PA instruction without including print (i.e. PA without exposure to words or letters). Specifically, is PA-only instruction just as effective in improving reading…
Descriptors: Literature Reviews, Meta Analysis, Phonological Awareness, Reading Instruction