The school counseling profession has struggled throughout history to secure a legitimate integral position in the educational mission of school. The profession is more likely to gain acceptance and be seen as a legitimate profession if we understand three theories that form the foundation of professional legitimacy: Organizational Theory, Institutional Theory, and Political Theory. This article briefly explains each theory, examines the profession through the lens of each theory, discusses how the ASCA National Standards and ASCA National Model were intended to address them, and suggests specific actions that school counseling professionals must take to ensure the profession grows and prospers. (Contains 1 table.)