Levels of governance (the nation, states, and districts), student subgroups (racially and ethnically minoritized and economically disadvantaged students), and types of resources (expenditures, class sizes, and teacher quality) intersect to represent a complex and comprehensive picture of K-12 educational resource inequality. Drawing on multiple…

This paper examines the origination and development of the school education system in Vologda Governorate in the period 1725-1917. This part of the set covers the period 1900-1917. The authors drew upon a set of works covering pre-revolutionary pedagogy, as well as a pool of contemporary Russian scholarly literature. In conducting the research…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper (based on the relevant literature) is to: investigate, through empirical analysis, primary school teachers' perceptions regarding their job satisfaction, and examine whether or not the personal characteristics of primary school educators (such as gender, age, family status, educational level, and the total years…

This country review offers an independent analysis of major issues facing the use of school resources in Portugal from an international perspective. It provides a description of national policies, an analysis of strengths and challenges and options for possible future approaches. The analysis focuses on the process of decentralisation of school…

In this report, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) takes a close look at the governance of the teaching profession and finds that state legislators and other state-level policymakers crafting state laws and regulation, not those bargaining at the local level, decide some of the most important rules governing the teaching profession.…

Purpose: Under the new policy framework, the China Government will substantially increase education resources investment. As a result, financial under-provision of schools will not be the main problem in the near future. However, school efficiency will emerge as the new factor in attracting the attention of the government and the public in China,…

For many years American students of education have studied more or less carefully the schools of Germany. From these studies they have brought back many valuable ideas which are gradually changing for the better courses of study and methods of teaching in American schools and to some slight extent their organization and management. Studies of…

This review of elementary education is planned for those who for a brief time would like to dissociate themselves from the ongoing program, to stand aside and view it analytically, particularly in some of its quantitative elements. There are three major sections; First, a brief statement of some outstanding characteristics of elementary education…

This bulletin comprises a general survey in bibliographic form of current educational literature, domestic and foreign, received during this monthly period preceding the date of publication of each issue. The publications are organized into the following topics: (1) Proceedings of associations; (2) Educational history and biography; (3) Current…

This bulletin comprises a general survey in bibliographic form of current educational literature, domestic and foreign, received during the monthly period preceding the date of publication of each issue. The publications are organized into the following topics: (1) Proceedings of associations; (2) Educational history and biography; (3) Current…

The earnestness, even eagerness, with which the nations newly created or recreated at the close of the World War, went to work to build efficient school systems was and is one of the strongest expressions in modern times of fine faith in education. From time to time the Office of Education has reported on these new school systems. Accounts have…

Because of close relations between the Philippines and the United States in the earlier years of this century, developments in the Philippines since that country achieved its independence in 1946 are of particular interest to Americans. An important aspect of the island nation's efforts in its first 15 years of complete self-government is the…