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What Would Disprove Interdependence? Lessons Learned from a Study on Biliteracy in Portuguese Heritage Language Speakers in Switzerland
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Berthele, Raphael; Vanhove, Jan – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2020
This article reports on an investigation into the bilingual development of literacy skills in Portuguese heritage language speakers in Switzerland in which we sought to put Cummins' linguistic interdependence hypothesis to the test. Three predictions were derived from this hypothesis: (1) Literacy skill levels in one of the bilinguals' languages…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Literacy, Portuguese, French
The Development of Language and Reading Skills in the Second and Third Languages of Multilingual Children in French Immersion
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Berube, Daniel; Marinova-Todd, Stefka H. – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2012
The relationship between first language (L1) typology, defined as the classification of languages according to their structural characteristics (e.g. phonological systems and writing systems), and the development of second (L2) and third (L3) language skills and literacy proficiency in multilingual children was investigated in this study. The…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Multilingualism, Language Classification, Grade 4