Whereas cognitive and linguistic factors for learning to read have been extensively studied, less is known about affective factors including children's attitudes toward reading. Studies primarily from English-speaking and Western countries show gradual declines in reading attitudes in elementary school (McKenna et al., Reading Research Quarterly…

Measures of decoding and oral language have been shown to predict early reading comprehension across a wide variety of languages, though the timeframe and strength of the predictions vary by orthographic depth. This study is the first to examine predictors of early reading in Vietnamese, a transparent orthography of Romanized letters and…

Using the BEAR assessment system, the author set up a hypothetical reading competence (RC) developmental continuum and sketched the RC assessment standards, established RC measurement tasks, and described outputs. The author collected real RC evidence based on the cross-sectional study models, then adjusted the developmental continuum and RC…