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Guryan, Jonathan; Kim, James S.; Quinn, David M. – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022
There are large gaps in reading skills by family income among school-aged children in the United States. Correlational evidence suggests that reading skills are strongly related to the amount of reading students do outside of school. Experimental evidence testing whether this relationship is causal is lacking. We report the results from a…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Recreational Reading, Summer Programs, Grade 2
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What Works Clearinghouse, 2015
In the 2014 report, "Closing the Achievement Gap Through Modification of Neurocognitive and Neuroendocrine Function: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of an Innovative Approach to the Education of Children in Kindergarten," researchers examined the impacts of "Tools of the Mind" on cognitive and academic…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Randomized Controlled Trials, Educational Innovation, Kindergarten