On December 7th and 8th, 1941, President Roosevelt issued three proclamations stating that any natives, citizens, or subjects of Japan in the United States would be liable to possible arrest, detention, or removal from the United States (Roosevelt 1941). Roosevelt followed the enemy alien proclamations with Executive Order 9066, authorizing the…

The incorporation of cultural productions and virtual experiences in museum spaces adds to the objects' significance and also turns them into important contributions to adult education. Yet, how far do they trouble, decolonise, revisualise, tell alternative stories, interrogate intolerance and privilege or stimulate critical literacies? This…

Although Japanese Americans' concept of "gaman" has been stereotypically associated with silent passivity, several practiced this principle as a form of resistance in personal writings about the U.S. government's incarceration of them during World War II. This article focuses on the relationship between gaman, an inherited cultural…