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Learning and Development of Second and Foreign Language Pragmatics as a Higher-Order Language Skill: A Brief Overview of Relevant Theories. Research Report. ETS RR-16-35
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Timpe-Laughlin, Veronika – ETS Research Report Series, 2016
The development of effective second and foreign (L2) language learning materials needs to be grounded in two types of theories: (a) a theory of language and language use and (b) a theory of language learning. Both are equally important, insofar as an effective learning environment requires an understanding of the knowledge, skills, and abilities…
Descriptors: Second Language Instruction, Language Skills, Instructional Materials, Theories
Contributions of Associative Learning to Age and Individual Differences in Fluid Intelligence
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Tamez, Elaine; Myerson, Joel; Hale, Sandra – Intelligence, 2012
According to the cognitive cascade hypothesis, age-related slowing results in decreased working memory, which in turn affects higher-order cognition. Because recent studies show complex associative learning correlates highly with fluid intelligence, the present study examined the role of complex associative learning in cognitive cascade models of…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Associative Learning, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes
Bridging Team Faultlines by Combining Task Role Assignment and Goal Structure Strategies
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Rico, Ramon; Sanchez-Manzanares, Miriam; Antino, Mirko; Lau, Dora – Journal of Applied Psychology, 2012
This study tests whether the detrimental effects of strong diversity faultlines on team performance can be counteracted by combining 2 managerial strategies: task role crosscutting and superordinate goals. We conducted a 2 (crosscut vs. aligned roles) x 2 (superordinate vs. subgroup goals) experimental study. Seventy-two 4-person teams with…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Group Dynamics, Teamwork, Gender Differences
Models of Recognition, Repetition Priming, and Fluency : Exploring a New Framework
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Berry, Christopher J.; Shanks, David R.; Speekenbrink, Maarten; Henson, Richard N. A. – Psychological Review, 2012
We present a new modeling framework for recognition memory and repetition priming based on signal detection theory. We use this framework to specify and test the predictions of 4 models: (a) a single-system (SS) model, in which one continuous memory signal drives recognition and priming; (b) a multiple-systems-1 (MS1) model, in which completely…
Descriptors: Priming, Recognition (Psychology), Models, Prediction
Representational Explanations of "Process" Dissociations in Recognition: The DRYAD Theory of Aging and Memory Judgments
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Benjamin, Aaron S. – Psychological Review, 2010
It is widely assumed that older adults suffer a deficit in the psychological processes that underlie remembering of contextual or source information. This conclusion is based in large part on empirical interactions, including disordinal ones, that reveal differential effects of manipulations of memory strength on recognition in young and old…
Descriptors: Memory, Age Differences, Context Effect, Aging (Individuals)
Logic and Belief across the Lifespan: The Rise and Fall of Belief Inhibition during Syllogistic Reasoning
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De Neys, Wim; Van Gelder, Elke – Developmental Science, 2009
Popular reasoning theories postulate that the ability to inhibit inappropriate beliefs lies at the heart of the human reasoning engine. Given that people's inhibitory capacities are known to rise and fall across the lifespan, we predicted that people's deductive reasoning performance would show similar curvilinear age trends. A group of children…
Descriptors: Conflict, Inhibition, Young Adults, Logical Thinking