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Shalizar, Reza; Rezaei, Amir – Language Learning Journal, 2023
This study compares the effect of ZPD feedback with explicit feedback on accuracy in second language (L2) writing. It also examines the effect of focused vs. unfocused ZPD feedback on L2 writing development during teacher-student tutorial sessions. Four participants wrote five persuasive essays and were provided with ZPD or explicit feedback…
Descriptors: Sociocultural Patterns, Teacher Student Relationship, Learning Theories, Feedback (Response)
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Choi, Ikkyu; Hao, Jiangang; Deane, Paul; Zhang, Mo – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
"Biometrics" are physical or behavioral human characteristics that can be used to identify a person. It is widely known that keystroke or typing dynamics for short, fixed texts (e.g., passwords) could serve as a behavioral biometric. In this study, we investigate whether keystroke data from essay responses can lead to a reliable…
Descriptors: Accuracy, High Stakes Tests, Writing Tests, Benchmarking
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Ahmadi, Saeed; Riasati, Mohammad Javad; Bavali, Mohammad – Cogent Education, 2019
This study aimed at comparing two types of IELTS writing task 1 namely, bar charts and tables of Iranian test takers in terms of four IELTS writing assessment criteria including task achievement, coherence and cohesion, lexical resource, and grammar range and accuracy. The study also sought to identify test takers' strengths and weaknesses in the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests
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Ghorbanchian, Elahe; Youhanaee, Manijeh; Amirian, Zahra – English Language Teaching, 2019
Cognitive complexity is traditionally used for describing human cognition along a simplicity-complexity axis in tests like TOFEL IBT and GRE where text creation and rhetorical organization are quintessentially important. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate the impact of mentor text modelling on cognitive complexity of academic writing…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Foreign Countries