Decimal numbers are generally assumed to be a straightforward extension of the base-ten system for whole numbers given their shared place value structure. However, in decimal notation, unlike whole numbers, the same magnitude can be expressed in multiple ways (e.g., 0.8, 0.80, 0.800, etc.). Here, we used a number line task with carefully selected…

Metacognitive calibration--the capacity to accurately self-assess one's performance--forms the basis for error detection and self-monitoring and is a potential catalyst for conceptual change. Limited brain imaging research on authentic learning tasks implicates the lateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate brain regions in expert scientific…

This paper reports on a two-part investigation into how students think about and use summation (sigma) notation. During an instructional design experiment, two participating students struggled with this notation, but also reasoned about it in creative ways. This motivated a follow-up study in which we administered a free-response three-item survey…

Adaptive action-related reactions to errors, i.e. (meta-)cognitive processes and behaviours directly aimed at overcoming an error, have been proposed to benefit learning outcomes. However, causally interpretable findings are sparse in the current literature. Addressing this research deficit, the present study aimed at investigating whether…

Objectives: To examine college students' conflicting COVID-19 information exposure, information-seeking, concern, and cognitive functioning. Participants: 179 undergraduates were recruited in March-April 2020, and 220 in September 2020 (Samples 1 and 2, respectively). Methods: Students completed the Attention Network Test, NASA Task Load Index,…

Background: Interest in the potential of learning from errors to benefit innovation and organizational and personal growth is currently increasing. In practice, individuals frequently do not appear to learn spontaneously from errors and setbacks without support. Based on prior work, this paper considers antecedents and consequences of adaptive…

The understanding mathematical concept is an error that often occurs in classroom learning among students when solving mathematical problems. The most difficult part for students is solving problems, because it requires numeracy skills, high concept mastery, as well as the ability to use good language, and so on so that students don't make any…

Solving systems of linear equations is a core concept in linear algebra and a wide variety of problems found in the sciences and engineering can be formulated as linear equations. This study sought to explore undergraduate students' development of the schema for solving systems of linear equations. The triad framework was used to describe the…

Undergraduate students are expected to produce and comprehend constructive existence proofs; yet, these proofs are notoriously difficult for students. This study investigates students' thinking about these proofs by asking students to validate two arguments for the existence of a mathematical object. The first argument featured a common structural…

Medication administration errors (MAEs) present a significant risk for harm to patients and healthcare providers alike, yet little is understood about how nursing students conceptualize MAEs. Similar risks for harm are faced in the aviation industry, yet they have transformed into a highly reliable organization (HRO) using the threat and error…

Introduction: In Australia, 54.3% of medical students are women yet they remain under-represented in stereotypical perspectives of medicine. While potentially transformative, generative artificial intelligence (genAI) has the potential for errors, misrepresentations and bias. GenAI text-to-image production could reinforce gender biases making it…

Background: Students employ a variety of study strategies to learn and master content in their courses. Strategies vary widely in their effectiveness for promoting deep, long-term learning, yet most students use ineffective strategies frequently. Efforts to educate students about effective study strategies have revealed that knowledge about…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining wide attention in second language learning as a beneficial tool. The current research investigates EFL learners' perceptions and usage of AI applications among 68 undergraduate English language major students. The aim is to enhance students' awareness of valuable AI applications and involve them with AI…

The positive effects of dynamic written corrective feedback (DWCF) on linguistic accuracy are well-documented (Evans et al., 2010). However, studies on DWCF without exception have adopted a pretest--posttest research design; therefore, they were unable to explore the dynamics of development (Larsen-Freeman, 2006). In addition, all previous DWCF…

This mixed-methods study aims to investigate the bias in peer feedback. Thirty-two English as an additional language learners gave each other anonymous feedback on their texts. Half of the participants received feedback from their teacher disguised as peer feedback, while the other half received actual peer feedback. Data were collected through…