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Direct linkJisung Yoo – SAGE Open, 2024
This study examines the impact of students' self-directed learning (SDL) ability and parental expenditures for shadow education, and other factors, on academic achievement in South Korea during the pandemic. Busan Education Longitudinal Study panel data for 2019 (pre-COVID) and 2020-2021 (COVID) were utilized. National exam scores of middle and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Tutoring, Private Education, Independent Study
