Metacognitive accuracy is understood as the congruency of subjective evaluation and objectively measured learning performance. With reference to the "cue utilisation framework" and the "embedded-processes model of working memory," we proposed that prompts impact attentional processes during learning. Through guided prompting,…

In recent years, pre-service teacher education programs have recognized the importance of equipping future educators with the necessary skills such as argumentation skills and metacognitive awareness. However, the extent to these skills in pre-service biology teachers remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to explore the effect of…

Prior research suggests most students do not glean valid cues from provided visuals, resulting in reduced metacomprehension accuracy. Across 4 experiments, we explored how the presence of instructional visuals affects students' metacomprehension accuracy and cue-use for different types of metacognitive judgments. Undergraduates read texts on…

Developing metacognition in students is essential for fostering critical thinking in school. One of the skills necessary to achieve this goal is the cultivation of metacognitive vigilance--a potential means to regulate some ways of thinking held by individuals. Of particular importance is essentialism, as it underlies discourses such as racism and…

Traditional exam reviews are passive and face many challenges to prepare students for exams. In this study, we proposed the Tab-Meta Key model, which emphasizes five major factors (time, accountability, big picture, key concepts, and metacognition) and is supported by prior literature. We also designed an exam review based on this model. This exam…

Students struggle to regulate their learning during independent study sessions. In this study, we ask whether an online behavioral intervention helped introductory students decrease distraction while studying. The intervention consisted of exam 1 reflection, exam 2 planning, and exam 2 reflection exercises. During planning, students formed a goal,…

Student academic stress can impact class participation. Integrating psychological treatment into learning strategies can help manage academic stress. The objective of this research is to enhance students' metacognitive and self-efficacy by reducing their learning difficulties and cognitive anxiety. This will be achieved by integrating…

Good metacognitive allows individuals to more easily adapt to changes in the learning environment and face challenges that arise. They tend to be more flexible in changing their learning strategies according to new needs and situations. The aim of this research is to determine the correlation between metacognitive and the academic resilience of…

This study investigates associations between two types of control beliefs--self-efficacy for self-regulation and implicit theories of willpower--and undergraduate biology students' (N = 535) behavioral self-regulation and performance. Findings suggest that self-efficacy is the more proximally related motive for students to engage in academic…

Asking questions can be one of the most difficult, yet important, steps in driving student inquiry. As post-secondary instructors work to integrate inquiry into classrooms, very few concrete strategies exist for developing and promoting student questioning. The Question Formulation Technique (QFT) is a structured process used widely in K-12…

First-generation (FG) college students (i.e., those for whom neither parent/guardian obtained a bachelor's degree) experience more barriers in college, compared with continuing-generation students. These barriers are compounded by subtle messages from instructors that convey the idea that natural talent is necessary for success in scientific…

Preparing for exams in introductory biology classrooms is a complex metacognitive task. Focusing on lower achieving students (those with entering ACT scores below the median at our institution), we compared the effect of two different assignments distributed ahead of exams by dividing classes in half to receive either terms to define or open-ended…

Stronger metacognitive regulation skills and higher self-efficacy are linked to increased academic achievement. Metacognition and self-efficacy have primarily been studied using retrospective methods, but these methods limit access to students' in-the-moment metacognition and self-efficacy. We investigated first-year life science students'…

In this industrial revolution era, university-level education emphasises higher-order thinking skills. This research aims to analyse the effect of implementing the PjB-HOTS learning model on cognitive learning, creative thinking skills, analytical thinking skills, and metacognitive skills of the students studying osmoregulation concepts in Animal…

Learner-centered instructional practices, such as the metacognitive strategies scaffolding the problem-solving method for Biology instruction, have been shown to promote students' autonomy and self-direction, significantly enhancing their understanding of scientific concepts. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the importance and procedures of…