LXD Research conducted a study to evaluate the impact of the Zaner-Bloser Kickstart: Number Sense program, a math intervention designed to enhance foundational math skills among first and second-grade students in an Oregon school district over a three-year period from spring 2019 to Spring 2023. The program was implemented in two schools, engaging…

Student voice is essential for PBIS, but a tool for gathering students' perspectives of PBIS is not available in the literature. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a universal-level PBIS survey for students, the Student Perceptions of Behavior and Discipline (StPBD). This survey was designed to mobilize student engagement and…

This article is a multiple case study of policy in Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon. Both cities have developed programs that utilize government funding to increase access to public school K-5 arts education. While each city used a different path for advocacy and policy change, there were common threads that could be used as a framework…

We describe how a modified version of an emergency survival strategy led our team in addressing problems of practice identified in two second grade classrooms. We attended to the urgent needs of students by enacting the curriculum with integrity, doing what was most important and effective, while accommodating their classroom context (LeMahieu,…

Early mathematics achievement sets the stage for a range of important academic and career outcomes. As efforts to improve elementary mathematics instruction have increased, efforts to better understand how students develop mathematics knowledge and why students respond to mathematics instruction have also emerged. Given known correlations between…

Purpose: Our purpose was to gather and evaluate accurate, up-to-date information on physical education (PE) policy implementation across multiple U.S. states and regions. Methods: A U.S. Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy questionnaire was developed and completed by 4,845 public-school PE teachers from 25 U.S. states. The U.S.…

The use of four-day school weeks (4dsw) in the United States has expanded rapidly over the past two decades. Previous work examines the impact of 4dsw on student outcomes, but little research to date examines the effect on school employees even though schools in some locales have adopted 4dsw to recruit and retain staff. This paper examines the…

The process of conducting child and adolescent psychoeducational assessments has changed over the past 2 decades (Shapiro & Heick, 2004). In the past, the school psychologists commonly concentrated on behavioral, achievement, and projective assessments and usually did not include systematic multi-rater observation rating scales of behavior.…

This study explored the perspectives and experiences of full-time K-6 teachers in primary schools in rural Oregon during the 2023-2024 academic year to gain a deeper understanding of a common phenomenon, burnout, in a commonly overlooked research setting, rural localities, in the aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The primary researcher utilized…

After attempting to reach full implementation of healthy and functioning Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 behavioral systems at its elementary schools through years of training and coaching, Springfield Public Schools (SPS) found it necessary to strategically invest district resources in its PBIS efforts by targeting Tier 2 and initial Tier 3 systems…

Given the increasing concern about the scarcity of Dual Language Bilingual Education (DLBE) teachers, it is crucial to understand the trends in teacher retention and attrition from the perspective of DLBE teachers themselves. DLBE teachers departing from their jobs imposes a significant burden on schools and students and affects the implementation…