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Gustavo Ferro; Nicolás Gatti – Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 2024
Knowledge applied to innovation is increasingly recognized as an explanatory factor of economic growth. Innovation derives from applying knowledge to generate new products or processes. National Innovation Systems (NIS) performs as the formal or informal network of people within institutions interacting to produce and apply knowledge to…
Descriptors: Efficiency, Economic Development, Costs, Cost Effectiveness
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Jia-qi Zheng; Kwok-cheung Cheung; Pou-seong Sit – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2024
Several international large-scale assessments were conducted at the turn of the new century, and during the past two decades the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) completed seven cycles of assessment to facilitate practitioners' policy debates and governance. This study reviews PISA-related articles published in English and…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, International Assessment