Hands-on experiments and teacher-based demonstrations are two standard teaching methods in secondary school when teaching chemistry in the laboratory. The available literature on these two teaching methods focuses on students' academic achievement. Most of this literature reports inconsistent results, and few studies examined teachers' and…

This study aimed to examine the effect of three teaching approaches: The traditional teaching method, Teacher based demonstration experiment (TBDE), and the Student hands-on experiment (SHE), on students' conceptual understanding of solutions and titration. The data were collected using a chemistry achievement test (CAT) comprising of 30…