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Download full textSchmidgall, Jonathan; Cid, Jaime; Carter Grissom, Elizabeth; Li, Lucy – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
The redesigned "TOEIC Bridge"® tests were designed to evaluate test takers' English listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills in the context of everyday adult life. In this paper, we summarize the initial validity argument that supports the use of test scores for the purpose of selection, placement, and evaluation of a test…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Proficiency
