In the USA, university-based educational leadership programs, usually referred to as principal preparation programs, have traditionally been the sole source of preparing aspiring school leaders for the job. In response to criticisms from time to time, the programs have been reformed and redesigned. This research was an attempt to investigate the…

This article explores the development of a guidance document titled the "Framework for Equitable Instruction" (Framework), which aims to support multilingual students' content-area learning and language development. The Framework was developed by WIDA, a national consortium of states, as part of its system of language standards,…