Panel attrition is a major problem in long-term panel studies. While the design of the German National Educational Panel Study adult survey--combining biannual competency tests with regular face-to-face interviews--is highly innovative, such a design could raise respondent burden and thus potentially increase panel attrition and nonresponse bias.…

Research examining test taker fluency in simulated and face-to-face oral proficiency interview performances has primarily focused on quantitative spoken utterance fluency data alone, with further qualitative investigation of test taker processing fluency's effect being neglected. This study compared four test takers' spoken utterance and…