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Defrin, Ruth; Benromano, Tali; Pick, Chaim G. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
We studied whether there exist variations in pain responses between different intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) etiologies. Self-reports and facial expressions (Facial Action Coding System = FACS) were recorded during experimental pressure stimuli and compared among 31 individuals with IDD--13 with cerebral palsy (CP), nine with Down…
Descriptors: Pain, Intellectual Disability, Developmental Disabilities, Etiology