Purpose: People use self-talk (verbalized cognitions) to monitor and evaluate their performance, making it a vital construct in the self-regulation process. Research Methods/Approach: We coded 1,092 self-talk responses from 177 undergraduates for two types of self-talks, constructive and dysfunctional. Findings: We found constructive self-talk…

The aim of this Q-study was to identify and categorize learners' learning styles and preferences with regard to the incorporation of gamification-enhanced activities in a partially flipped gamified classroom during a Taiwan university eighteen week's Introduction to Marketing course. Q-methodology was used because it identifies assorted viewpoints…

Investigating the foreign and second language (L2) motivational self system (L2MSS) of Turkish sixth graders, this study reports relationships among three components (ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and L2 learning experience) of the L2MSS and the variables of school type (public and private), gender, and intended effort. Data were collected from…

Academic rigor has long been considered important for students' learning and development in higher education. However, findings about students' outcomes from previous studies of rigor are mixed, in part because of varying conceptions of what constitutes rigor. In quantitative research, rigor is often operationalized in one of two ways: through…

We examined the links between moral identity--the centrality of moral principles to identity--and political purpose during emerging adulthood. We analyzed data from two waves of a longitudinal study of civic purpose. T1 surveys were collected before high school graduation, and T2 surveys were collected 2 years later. We categorized people (N =…

The present study aimed to empirically examine the validity of grit among language learners and its relation to vocabulary knowledge. Grit is defined as a trait that is characterised by a tendency to be passionate about and persevere towards the achievement of long-term goals. A newly developed questionnaire, L2-Grit Scale, which assesses…

This study aimed to identify the relationship of adversity quotient and emotional quotient amongst public elementary school heads. The study employed a descriptive-correlation research design with the online survey as primary data collection tool. The respondents came from the 25 elementary schools in a Schools Division Office in Central Luzon. 25…