Traditionally, internationalization efforts in higher education have been rooted in (neo)liberal transactional models that restrict or compromise the space for meaningful exchanges of socio-cultural capital. Recently, researchers and practitioners in the international education field have taken issue with programming and practices in education…

Over the last decade, many local students have preferred to study overseas. This has caused governments to announce the creation of programs and developments in the higher education sector to upgrade South-East Asia to a leading education hub. Moreover, many governments declared that they would work on the insurance of learning to increase the…