This paper uses Individual Deprivation Measure data from Indonesia and South Africa to demonstrate the effects of coverage bias associated with mobile phone-based sampling and data collection approaches that restrict sampling frames to those who own or have access to a mobile phone -- a increasingly common method. Analysis of this data…

Mathematical achievements affect students in determining their future careers and the economy of a country. However, mathematical achievement in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries has not reached the target, except in Singapore. However, no systematic studies have examined this problem yet. Thus, this study was conducted to…