Intervention is imperative when students enter kindergarten with deficits in early literacy skills due to multiple factors, including the complexities of a community's needs and resources. In the Seaford School District (SSD), entering kindergarten students lacked needed early literacy skills, as evidenced by low scores on the Dynamic Indicators…

Due to barriers to kindergarten readiness, many kindergarten students do not enter kindergarten with the prerequisite skills needed for reading. A number of students do not leave kindergarten with adequate reading skills needed for future success. As a result, students are ill-prepared for first grade and are at risk for future reading failure.…

This paper presents evidence confirming the validity of the RD design in the Reading Recovery study by examining the ability of the RD design to replicate the 1st grade results observed in the original i3 RCT focused on short-term impacts. Over 1,800 schools participated in the RD study over all four cohort years. The RD design used cutoff-based…