This study explored a relationship between internet access and literacy using quantitative data regarding students' reading performance. Data used in this study included reading scores provided by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the internet access data made available by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and…

Recent research in the United States suggests that student performance differences between private and public schools disappear once student and school level characteristics are controlled for. This is an important result as it suggests that in the absence of such differences delivery of education through public means can be as efficient as that…

Widening achievement gaps driven by socioeconomic disparity have become a global concern. Yet, few studies have been able to track the changes and developments of socioeconomic-achievement gaps (SES-achievement gaps henceforward) across time. Using PISA data from 2003 to 2018, we estimated family SES-achievement gaps in seven Asian education…

We investigated effects of tracking students into higher, more academic, and lower, less academic, school types immediately after primary school (early tracking) instead of having a comprehensive secondary school system (late tracking) on school gender segregation and gender gaps in achievement outcomes. We assumed that, in early tracking…

The Asia-Pacific Region is home to half of the world's 7,117 living languages. Impressive regional progress on Sustainable Development Goal #4's vision to "ensure inclusive and equitable quality education" has been severely jeopardized by the COVID-19 pandemic. The more marginalized the child, the greater the threat. This Guidance Note…