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Direct linkHarneet Kaur – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
This study investigates the impact of statewide Restorative Justice (RJ) reforms on school suspensions and bullying outcomes in Michigan and Texas, amidst a broader movement away from zero-tolerance policies. Since the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994, zero-tolerance approaches have led to increased suspensions, particularly affecting marginalized…
Descriptors: Educational Change, Zero Tolerance Policy, Discipline Policy, Policy Analysis
Download full textJones, Wehmah; Sable, Jennifer; Li, Jiayi – National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments, 2023
The federal Gun-Free Schools Act (GFSA) enacted in1994 requires U.S. public school systems to report any incident of a student bringing a firearm to school or being in possession of a firearm on school property, the law applies to all states and jurisdictions funded under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. Under federal…
Descriptors: Weapons, Educational Legislation, Expulsion, School Safety
Stuart-Cassel, Victoria; Nuñez, Brissa; Chung, Youjin – National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments, 2021
The federal Gun-Free Schools Act (GFSA) was introduced into law as part of the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994. The federal law requires states funded under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 to have a state law in effect that requires local education agencies (LEAs) to expel students for firearm offenses for a…
Descriptors: Weapons, Educational Legislation, Expulsion, School Safety
Stuart-Cassel, Victoria; Nuñez, Brissa; Chung, Youjin – National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments, 2022
The federal Gun-Free Schools Act (GFSA) enacted in1994 requires U.S. public school systems to report any incident of a student bringing a firearm to school or being in possession of a firearm on school property, the law applies to all states and jurisdictions funded under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. Under federal…
Descriptors: Weapons, Educational Legislation, Expulsion, School Safety
Irby, Decoteau J.; Coney, Kylee – Peabody Journal of Education, 2021
Despite mounting evidence that zero-tolerance policies do not deter misbehavior, teachers and administrators continue to respond to a range of student infractions through punitive measures, such as ticketing, expelling, and suspending students. Black boys, black girls, and Latinx students are most adversely affected by discipline in the era of…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, Minority Group Students, Punishment, At Risk Students
