Research suggests that students hold misconceptions about the immune system, but little is known about how they reason about the mechanisms by which the immune system operates. This study investigated how students reasoned about the immune system in Beirut, Lebanon. The study used a qualitative approach and investigated 16 Grade 12 participants…

This study was conducted to determine the differences in the conceptual understanding of 52 Turkish students who were taught with a scientific argumentation approach in grade 12 chemistry. The concept test was administered to the participants as a pre-test and post-test, and it contained two questions. The first had two sub-questions had two…