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White, Thomas G.; Sabatini, John P.; White, Sheida – Educational Researcher, 2021
The fourth-grade 2019 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Reading assessment shows that 34% of the nation's students perform below the "NAEP Basic" level. However, because there is no achievement-level description for below Basic, educators and policymakers lack information on the nature of the reading difficulties that…
Descriptors: Low Achievement, Reading Achievement, National Competency Tests, Reading Difficulties