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Humes, Walter – Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 2023
This paper shows how a significant, but short-lived, episode in Scotland's educational history--the rise and decline of Socialist Sunday Schools (SSSs) in the first half of the twentieth century--provoked controversial debates about issues that continue to have relevance today. The first half of the paper explains the origins of SSSs, their links…
Descriptors: Educational History, Political Attitudes, Meetings, Publications
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Humes, Walter – Journal of Educational Administration and History, 2021
This paper examines a period in Scottish educational history when civil servants, not politicians, were in the ascendancy in the initiation of policy. The first three Secretaries of the Scotch/Scottish Education Department (SED) -- Henry Craik (1846-1927), John Struthers (1857-1925) and George Macdonald (1862-1940) -- enjoyed considerable…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Educational History, Policy Formation, Public Officials