The manner in which gender is portrayed in materials used to teach children conveys messages about people's roles in society. In this paper, we measure the gendered depiction of central domains of social life in 100 years of highly influential children's books. We make two main contributions: (1) we find that the portrayal of gender in these books…

Images in children's books convey messages about society and the roles that people play in it. Understanding these messages requires systematic measurement of who is represented. Computer vision face detection tools can provide such measurements; however, state-of-the-art face detection models were trained with photographs, and 80\% of images in…

Books shape how children learn about society and social norms, in part through the representation of different characters. To better understand the messages children encounter in books, we introduce new artificial intelligence methods for systematically converting images into data. We apply these image tools, along with established text analysis…