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The Effect of Teachers' Union Contracts on School District Efficiency: Longitudinal Evidence from California
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Marianno, Bradley D.; Bruno, Paul; Strunk, Kathrine O. – SAGE Open, 2021
While the effect of teachers' unions on school districts continues to be debated, the research literature provides few definitive conclusions to guide these discussions. In this article, we examine the relationship between teachers' union contracts and school district efficiency. We define efficiency as the ratio of short-run productivity (student…
Descriptors: Unions, Contracts, Collective Bargaining, School Effectiveness
Reflections on What Pandemic-Related State Test Waiver Requests Suggest about the Priorities for the Use of Tests. Opinion Brief. CALDER Policy Brief No. 26-0721
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Bruno, Paul; Goldhaber, Dan – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER), 2021
Students' performance on standardized tests is clearly predictive of their later outcomes (Goldhaber & Özek, 2019) but whether the costs of administering tests are justified by the value of the tests for improving students' outcomes is controversial. This controversy fuels heated debates over federal testing requirements, such as those…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Standardized Tests, Testing
What Pandemic-Related Test Waiver Requests Suggest about States' Testing Priorities
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Bruno, Paul; Goldhaber, Dan – Phi Delta Kappan, 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic heightened tensions around standardized testing policy and prompted the United States Department of Education to allow states to request waivers from federal standardized testing requirements. Paul Bruno and Dan Goldhaber describe the waivers that states requested and received, what they suggest about how state test results…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Standardized Tests, Educational Policy