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Direct linkAli Roohani; Reza Parhizkar; Shahla Ostovar – Psychology in the Schools, 2024
Intercultural communication research has highlighted the significance of intercultural communication apprehension/anxiety measurement and instrument development in diverse sociocultural contexts. This study embarked on developing and validating a scale, the Perceived Intercultural Communication Anxiety/Apprehension Scale (PICAS) in the English as…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Test Validity, Intercultural Communication, Anxiety
Seyed Ehsan Mousavian Rad; Ali Roohani; Azizullah Mirzaei – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
Given the significance of boredom and its detrimental effects on the English as a foreign language (EFL) students' academic achievements, this study utilised an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design to initially explore the boredom factors in EFL classes among a sample of 139 university students and then develop and validate the Precursors…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Psychological Patterns
