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The Relative Contribution of Subjective Office Referrals to Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline
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Girvan, Erik J.; Gion, Cody; McIntosh, Kent; Smolkowski, Keith – School Psychology Quarterly, 2017
To improve our understanding of where to target interventions, the study examined the extent to which school discipline disproportionality between African American and White students was attributable to racial disparities in teachers' discretionary versus nondiscretionary decisions. The sample consisted of office discipline referral (ODR) records…
Descriptors: African American Students, White Students, Disproportionate Representation, Racial Differences