Scientific argumentation skills are a key component of science learning practices needed by students in the 21st century. Where the essence of scientific argumentation is to support the argument with evidence and reasoning and then refute the claims and evidence of the opponent's argument. Supporting arguments with evidence and reasoning can be…

The paper explains the role of oral language and dialogic interactions in the development of individual thinking and reasoning processes. Collaborative reasoning and its contribution is explained while examples are shared to illustrate ways to scaffold students' questioning, meaning making, and writing in the context of read alouds during…

The aims of this paper are twofold. First, we present, justify, and characterise an instrument for analysing students' argumentative reasoning developed from Walton's ideas. Then, from the analysis of students' argumentative discussion about a socio-scientific controversy, we identify the advantages and disadvantages of using the instrument. The…