Whiteness fits the broad historical concept of property as it represents a social and material value as well as historical legal rights (Harris, 1993). Harris (1993) traced the history of racialization as justification for which people were legally citizens with the ability of self-possession and which people were relegated as the property of…

South African government has been promulgating pieces of legislation aimed at ensuring racial integration, especially in higher education, and indirectly enforcing acculturation in historically white universities. Studies have proven that institutional cultures in historically white universities alienate and exclude black students' identities.…

This comparative study examines the historical development of race equality efforts during the 1970s and 1980s in two global cities--Toronto and London--and the role of African Canadian and Black British educators in longstanding school-community partnerships. I characterize the leadership stance of Black educators as boundary spanners and…