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Direct linkT. D. Stanley; Hristos Doucouliagos; Tomas Havranek – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
We demonstrate that all meta-analyses of partial correlations are biased, and yet hundreds of meta-analyses of partial correlation coefficients (PCCs) are conducted each year widely across economics, business, education, psychology, and medical research. To address these biases, we offer a new weighted average, UWLS[subscript +3]. UWLS[subscript…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Correlation, Bias, Sample Size
Li, Hua; Shih, Ming-Chieh; Song, Cheng-Jie; Tu, Yu-Kang – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Network meta-analysis combines direct and indirect evidence to compare multiple treatments. As direct evidence for one treatment contrast may be indirect evidence for other treatment contrasts, biases in the direct evidence for one treatment contrast may affect not only the estimate for this particular treatment contrast but also estimates of…
Descriptors: Network Analysis, Meta Analysis, Bias, Evidence
Schmid, Matthias; Friede, Tim; Klein, Nadja; Weinhold, Leonie – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Recent years have seen the development of many novel scoring tools for disease prognosis and prediction. To become accepted for use in clinical applications, these tools have to be validated on external data. In practice, validation is often hampered by logistical issues, resulting in multiple small-sized validation studies. It is therefore…
Descriptors: Probability, Meta Analysis, Time, Test Validity
Maya B. Mathur – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Meta-analyses can be compromised by studies' internal biases (e.g., confounding in nonrandomized studies) as well as publication bias. These biases often operate nonadditively: publication bias that favors significant, positive results selects indirectly for studies with more internal bias. We propose sensitivity analyses that address two…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Attribution Theory, Publications, Bias
Guido Schwarzer; Gerta Rücker; Cristina Semaca – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
The "LFK" index has been promoted as an improved method to detect bias in meta-analysis. Putatively, its performance does not depend on the number of studies in the meta-analysis. We conducted a simulation study, comparing the "LFK" index test to three standard tests for funnel plot asymmetry in settings with smaller or larger…
Descriptors: Bias, Meta Analysis, Simulation, Evaluation Methods
Bartoš, František; Maier, Maximilian; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Doucouliagos, Hristos; Stanley, T. D. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Publication bias is a ubiquitous threat to the validity of meta-analysis and the accumulation of scientific evidence. In order to estimate and counteract the impact of publication bias, multiple methods have been developed; however, recent simulation studies have shown the methods' performance to depend on the true data generating process, and no…
Descriptors: Robustness (Statistics), Bayesian Statistics, Meta Analysis, Publications
Andrija Babic; Ognjen Barcot; Tomislav Viskovic; Frano Šaric; Aleksandar Kirkovski; Ivana Barun; Zvonimir Križanac; Roshan Arjun Ananda; Yuli Viviana Fuentes Barreiro; Narges Malih; Daiana Anne-Marie Dimcea; Josipa Ordulj; Ishanka Weerasekara; Matteo Spezia; Marija Franka Žuljevic; Jelena Šuto; Luca Tancredi; Andela Pijuk; Susanna Sammali; Veronica Iascone; Thilo Groote; Tina Poklepovic Pericic; Livia Puljak – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Risk of bias (RoB) assessment is essential to the systematic review methodology. The new version of the Cochrane RoB tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was published in 2019 to address limitations identified since the first version of the tool was published in 2008 and to increase the reliability of assessments. This study analyzed the frequency…
Descriptors: Risk, Bias, Use Studies, Meta Analysis
Knop, Eric S.; Pauly, Markus; Friede, Tim; Welz, Thilo – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Analysts seldom include interaction terms in their meta-regression model, which can introduce bias if an interaction is present. We illustrate this by reanalysing a meta-regression study in acute heart failure. Based on a total of 285 studies, the 1-year mortality rate related to acute heart failure is considered and the connection to the…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Meta Analysis, Death, Heart Disorders
Junqiang Dai; Jason W. Griffin; K. Suzanne Scherf – Developmental Psychology, 2024
Adolescence is a critical developmental period that is marked by drastic changes in face recognition, which are reflected in patterns of bias (i.e., superior recognition for some individuals compared to others). Here, we evaluate how race is perceived during face recognition and whether adolescents exhibit an own-race bias (ORB). We conducted a…
Descriptors: Racial Factors, Adolescents, Meta Analysis, Bias
František Bartoš; Maximilian Maier; Eric-Jan Wagenmakers; Franziska Nippold; Hristos Doucouliagos; John P. A. Ioannidis; Willem M. Otte; Martina Sladekova; Teshome K. Deresssa; Stephan B. Bruns; Daniele Fanelli; T. D. Stanley – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Publication selection bias undermines the systematic accumulation of evidence. To assess the extent of this problem, we survey over 68,000 meta-analyses containing over 700,000 effect size estimates from medicine (67,386/597,699), environmental sciences (199/12,707), psychology (605/23,563), and economics (327/91,421). Our results indicate that…
Descriptors: Publications, Selection, Bias, Meta Analysis
Micaela Sánchez-Martín; Marta Gutiérrez-Sánchez; Eva María Olmedo-Moreno; Fernando Navarro-Mateu – Cogent Education, 2024
Introduction: Concerns about the risk of bias (RoB) of Meta-analysis (MAs) have grown in parallel with the exponential increase in the number of publications in science. However, this has not been properly assessed in Education. The aims were to evaluate the RoB of MAs in Education and to identify potential predictors of a lower RoB. Methods:…
Descriptors: Literature Reviews, Meta Analysis, Bias, Research Problems
Hamza, Tasnim; Chalkou, Konstantina; Pellegrini, Fabio; Kuhle, Jens; Benkert, Pascal; Lorscheider, Johannes; Zecca, Chiara; Iglesias-Urrutia, Cynthia P.; Manca, Andrea; Furukawa, Toshi A.; Cipriani, Andrea; Salanti, Georgia – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
In network meta-analysis (NMA), we synthesize all relevant evidence about health outcomes with competing treatments. The evidence may come from randomized clinical trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies (NRS) as individual participant data (IPD) or as aggregate data (AD). We present a suite of Bayesian NMA and network meta-regression (NMR) models…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Regression (Statistics), Outcomes of Treatment, Research Methodology
Mizutani, Shosuke; Zhou, Yi; Tian, Yu-Shi; Takagi, Tatsuya; Ohkubo, Tadayasu; Hattori, Satoshi – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) is a powerful statistical method for synthesizing and evaluating the diagnostic capacity of medical tests and has been extensively used by clinical physicians and healthcare decision-makers. However, publication bias (PB) threatens the validity of meta-analysis of DTA. Some statistical methods have…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Diagnostic Tests, Accuracy, Publications
Wagner, John A., III – International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2022
The replication crisis in the social and psychological sciences is said to be due in part to publication bias and the resulting file drawer problem. Meta-analysis is often advocated as a means of resolving this crisis but is prone to the same publication bias and file drawer effects. A study of 23 meta-analyses examined the consequences of…
Descriptors: Publications, Bias, Meta Analysis, Replication (Evaluation)
Henmi, Masayuki; Hattori, Satoshi; Friede, Tim – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
In meta-analyses including only few studies, the estimation of the between-study heterogeneity is challenging. Furthermore, the assessment of publication bias is difficult as standard methods such as visual inspection or formal hypothesis tests in funnel plots do not provide adequate guidance. Previously, Henmi and Copas (Statistics in Medicine…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Computation, Bias, Publications
