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Stimulus Clarity and the Emission of Descriptive Autoclitics
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Ratkos, Thom; McFayden, Aubrey; Small, Anne – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2023
The autoclitic is among the least studied and most complex verbal operant named and described by Skinner. The descriptive autoclitic is one subtype, which among other functions can describe the strength of the response. If the clarity of the stimulus is one source of response strength for tacts, manipulating stimulus clarity should evoke different…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Responses, Definitions, Stimuli
Brain Reserve Theory: Are Adults with Intellectual Disability More Vulnerable to Age than Peers with Typical Development?
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Zemach, Moran; Vakil, Eli; Lifshitz, Hefziba – Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2023
Background: Life expectancy is on rise and the intriguing question is: When does cognitive decline occur among adults with intellectual disability, compared to adults with typical development? This cross-sectional study examined cognitive performance of crystallised/fluid intelligence, working and long-term memory of adults with intellectual…
Descriptors: Adults, Intellectual Disability, Intelligence Tests, Verbal Learning
Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Examination of Sex Differences in Neuropsychological and Self-Report Measures of Executive and Non-Executive Cognitive Function
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Demetriou, Eleni A.; Pepper, Karen L.; Park, Shin Ho; Pellicano, Liz; Song, Yun Ju C.; Naismith, Sharon L.; Hickie, Ian B.; Thomas, Emma E.; Guastella, Adam J. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2021
Sex differences in autism may in part be understood by an atypical sex profile of executive function and non-executive function. In this study, we compared females and males with autism against non-autistic individuals on neuropsychological and self-report measures to examine whether any sex differences in executive function and non-executive…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Gender Differences, Executive Function
Encoding Deficits Impede Word Learning and Memory in Adults with Developmental Language Disorders
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McGregor, Karla K.; Gordon, Katherine; Eden, Nichole; Arbisi-Kelm, Tim; Oleson, Jacob – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2017
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether the word-learning challenges associated with developmental language disorder (DLD) result from encoding or retention deficits. Method In Study 1, 59 postsecondary students with DLD and 60 with normal development (ND) took the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition, Adult Version…
Descriptors: Adults, Language Impairments, Developmental Disabilities, Cognitive Processes
The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Learning and Cognition. Oxford Library of Psychology
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Marschark, Marc, Ed.; Knoors, Harry, Ed. – Oxford University Press, 2020
In recent years, the intersection of cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and neuroscience with regard to deaf individuals has received increasing attention from a variety of academic and educational audiences. Both research and pedagogy have addressed questions about whether deaf children learn in the same ways that hearing children…
Descriptors: Deafness, Hearing Impairments, Learning Processes, Cognitive Ability