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Stumm, Sophie; Rimfeld, Kaili; Dale, Philip S.; Plomin, Robert – Child Development, 2020
We compared the extent to which the long-term influence of family socioeconomic status (SES) on children's school performance from age 7 through 16 years was mediated by their preschool verbal and nonverbal ability. In 661 British children, who completed 17 researcher-administered ability tests at age 4.5 years, SES correlated more strongly with…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Socioeconomic Status, Verbal Ability, Academic Achievement
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Lauro, Justin; Core, Cynthia; Hoff, Erika – Child Development, 2020
Effects of child and environmental factors in moderating the course of bilingual development were investigated using longitudinal data, from age 2.5 to 5 years, on 126 U.S.-born children with early exposure to Spanish and English. Multilevel models of Spanish and English expressive vocabulary identified children's phonological memory ability as a…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Spanish, English, Young Children
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Hoff, Erika; Tulloch, Michelle K.; Core, Cynthia – Child Development, 2021
Children from language minority homes reach school age with variable dual language skills. Cluster analysis identified four bilingual profiles among 126 U.S.-born, 5-year-old Spanish-English bilinguals. The profiles differed on two dimensions: language balance and total language knowledge. Balance varied primarily as a function of indicators of…
Descriptors: Language Minorities, Language Proficiency, Bilingualism, Second Language Learning
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Canfield, Caitlin F.; Edelson, Lisa R.; Saudino, Kimberly J. – Child Development, 2017
Although the phenotypic correlation between language and nonverbal cognitive ability is well-documented, studies examining the etiology of the covariance between these abilities are scant, particularly in very young children. The goal of this study was to address this gap in the literature by examining the genetic and environmental links between…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Nonverbal Ability, Language Acquisition
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Sun, He; Bornstein, Marc H.; Esposito, Gianluca – Child Development, 2021
This study employs the Specificity Principle to examine the relative impacts of external (input quantity at home and at school, number of books and reading frequency at home, teachers' degree and experience, language usage, socioeconomic status) and internal factors (children's working memory, nonverbal intelligence, learning-related…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Language Acquisition, Child Language, Bilingualism
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Wong, Simpson W. L.; Cheung, Him; Zheng, Mo; Yang, Xiujie; McBride, Catherine; Ho, Connie Suk-Han; Leung, Judy Sze-Man; Chow, Bonnie Wing-Yin; Waye, Mary Miu Yee – Child Development, 2020
Vocabulary knowledge was tested in a native (Cantonese-Chinese) and foreign (English) language in 150 twins and 150 singletons aged 6-11 years, matched on age, gender, grade level, nonverbal intelligence, parents' education, family income, and number of siblings and household members. The singletons clearly outperformed the twins on the native…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Native Language, Sino Tibetan Languages, Chinese