This study investigated the relationship between language attrition, cultural identity, and sociocultural factors in four international schools in Azerbaijan. Two distinct student groups, one undergoing English education since preschool (Group 1) and another transitioning to English after primary school (Group 2), were examined to discern the…

This study aimed to evaluate whether cognitive and affective dimensions of reading self-concepts in English and Russian are distinct constructs and to examine whether the relationships among cognitive and affective variables are invariant across gender. A total of 349 tenth-grade Azeri students were selected from 12 schools in Baku, Azerbaijan.…

The purpose of this research is the longitudinal examination of the change in learning motivation (LM) and attention level (AL) of students continuing formal education at secondary school in the pre-pandemic period (PreP), in the pandemic period (PP) during the process of online education, and in the post-pandemic period (PostP) during the new…

Turkish world geography is a vast geography. In its broadest sense, it expands from Balkans in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east; from the Arctic Ocean in the North to Tibet in the South. The subject of our study is Azerbaijan which is one of the independent states in this geography. In the study, similarities and differences of Turkish…