This study examined middle school students' scientific reasoning ability in relation to gender and learning environment perceptions. The data were obtained from 269 (148 girls and 121 boys) students. A two-tier multiple-choice test was used to assess students' scientific reasoning ability, while a Likert scale-type self-report questionnaire was…

This study aimed to investigate the role of students' classroom learning environment perceptions and teacher effectiveness in 7th grade students' self-regulation in science classes. Students' self-regulation was examined in terms of self-efficacy, achievement goals, and metacognitive strategy use which constitute important components of…

This study adopted a cross-sectional and correlational research design in an attempt to add our understanding of student- and teacher-level factors that help explain variability in students' science achievement to the existing literature. More specifically, the present article examined students' science achievement in relation to their…