Although native family students often learn more than immigrant family students in school (e.g. civics), scholars have not systematically demonstrated the mechanisms through which native family students outperform immigrant family students. The "Opportunity-Propensity" framework guides this study. We examine the link between students'…

Parents are their children's most influential educators, and their joint activities can influence these children's early learning. Past studies with small, non-representative samples do not show a consistent link between early numeracy activities at home and children's mathematics achievement. Specifically, whether or how "early numeracy…