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Peer reviewed
Direct linkWolfe, Pat – New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2006
The brain, a pattern-finding organ, seeks to create meaning through establishing or refining existing neural networks; this is learning. Emotion affects what is learned and what is retained.
Descriptors: Transformational Generative Grammar, Brain, Neurological Organization, Emotional Response
Plessen, Kerstin J.; Gruner, Renate; Lundervold, Arvid; Hirsch, Jochen G.; Xu, Dongrong; Bansal, Ravi; Hammar, Asa; Lundervold, Astri J.; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore; Lie, Stein Atle; Gass, Achim; Peterson, Bradley S.; Hugdahl, Kenneth – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Brain imaging studies have revealed anatomical anomalies in the brains of individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). Prefrontal regions have been found to be larger and the corpus callosum (CC) area smaller in children and young adults with TS compared with healthy control subjects, and these anatomical features have been understood to…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Neurology, Severity (of Disability), Brain Hemisphere Functions
O'Carroll, Colin M.; Martin, Stephen J.; Sandin, Johan; Frenguelli, Bruno; Morris, Richard G. M. – Learning & Memory, 2006
The persistence of new memory traces in the hippocampus, encoded following appropriate activation of glutamatergic receptors and the induction of synaptic plasticity, can be influenced by heterosynaptic activation of neuromodulatory brain systems. We therefore investigated the effects of a hippocampus-specific blockade of dopamine D1/D5 receptors…
Descriptors: Intervals, Brain, Animals, Animal Behavior
Wang, A. Ting; Lee, Susan S.; Sigman, Marian; Dapretto, Mirella – Brain, 2006
While individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are typically impaired in interpreting the communicative intent of others, little is known about the neural bases of higher-level pragmatic impairments. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine the neural circuitry underlying deficits in understanding irony in high-functioning children…
Descriptors: Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Comprehension
Dietrich, Arne; Srinivasan, Narayanan – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2007
Previous research on the relationship between age and creativity has shown that career age, rather than chronological age, correlates best with longitudinal changes in creative productivity. Recently, Dietrich (2004) proposed a new theoretical framework that integrates cognitive neuroscience with the findings of creativity research. By identifying…
Descriptors: Scientists, Creativity, Age, Career Development
National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 2006
Research indicates some early life stresses can have a profound impact, resulting in changes in brain function and behavior, and even differences in the ways some genes express their particular genetic code signature. At various times during early development, different neural systems appear to have an increased sensitivity to stress and can…
Descriptors: Social Behavior, Genetics, Brain, Stress Variables
Zull, James E. – New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2006
This chapter presents a brain-based model of adult learning and connects the model to practice.
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Brain, Adult Education, Models
Ross, Colin A. – New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2006
The educational process called psychotherapy offers a model for brain repair through learning.
Descriptors: Psychotherapy, Brain, Educational Philosophy, Neurological Organization
Forbes, Erika E.; Christopher May, J.; Siegle, Greg J.; Ladouceur, Cecile D.; Ryan, Neal D.; Carter, Cameron S.; Birmaher, Boris; Axelson, David A.; Dahl, Ronald E. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward-related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward-related affective systems. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Brain, Rewards, Probability
Dickstein, Steven G.; Bannon, Katie; Castellanos, F. Xavier; Milham, Michael P. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent and commonly studied forms of psychopathology in children and adolescents. Causal models of ADHD have long implicated dysfunction in fronto-striatal and frontal-parietal networks supporting executive function, a hypothesis that can now be examined…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Causal Models, Inhibition, Psychopathology
Epstein, Jeffery N.; Conners, C. Keith; Hervey, Aaron S.; Tonev, Simon T.; Arnold, L. Eugene; Abikoff, Howard B.; Elliott, Glen; Greenhill, Laurence L.; Hechtman, Lily; Hoagwood, Kimberly; Hinshaw, Stephen P.; Hoza, Betsy; Jensen, Peter S.; March, John S.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Pelham, William E.; Severe, Joanne B.; Swanson, James M.; Wells, Karen; Vitiello, Benedetto; Wigal, Timothy – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variability in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures. Methods: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Stimulants, Reaction Time, Drug Therapy
Kheirandish, Leila; Gozal, David – Developmental Science, 2006
It is well known that adults with sleep disturbances frequently exhibit a wide range of neurocognitive decrements, and that these deficits are potentially reversible with effective treatment. However, the consequences of respiratory sleep disturbances on neurocognitive function in children have only recently been evaluated, and suggest a strong…
Descriptors: Sleep, Neurological Impairments, Child Development, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Hellweg, Rainer; Huber, Roman; Kuhl, Alexander; Riepe, Matthias W.; Lohmann, Peter – Learning & Memory, 2006
Impairment of hippocampal function precedes frontal and parietal cortex impairment in human Alzheimer's disease(AD). Neurotrophins are critical for behavioral performance and neuronal survival in AD. We used complex and radial mazes to assess spatial orientation and learning in wild-type and B6-Tg(ThylAPP)23Sdz (APP23) animals, a transgenic mouse…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Nonverbal Learning, Correlation, Memory
Mitchell, Anna S.; Dalrymple-Alford, John C. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Damage to the medial region of the thalamus, both in clinical cases (e.g., patients with infarcts or the Korsakoff's syndrome) and animal lesion models, is associated with variable amnesic deficits. Some studies suggest that many of these memory deficits rely on the presence of lateral thalamic lesions (LT) that include the intralaminar nuclei,…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Memory, Short Term Memory, Brain
Urban, Elizabeth – Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 2006
This paper is a response to a review of the conference titled, "Unintegration, Disintegration and Integration", written by Cathy Urwin and Maria Rhode in the ACP Bulletin. The review mentioned Michael Fordham, noting that he referred to a "good" kind of unintegration. In this paper, I point out that this is a somewhat misleading reference to what…
Descriptors: Models, Infants, Child Development, Developmental Stages
