Background: Sustained vowels are important vocal tasks that have been investigated in discriminating voice disorders using acoustic analysis. To date, no study has combined vowel acoustic measures only that evaluate major aspects of the pathological voice signals in voice disorder discrimination. Aims: To investigate the value of vowel acoustic measures that quantify glottal noise, signal stability, signal periodicity, spectral slope and overall voice quality in discriminating female speakers with and without voice disorders. Methods & Procedures: Sustained vowel /?/ samples were extracted from 133 voice-disordered female patients and 97 non-voice disordered female speakers and were signal typed prior to analysis. "Praat" software was used to measure harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), glottal-to-noise excitation ratio (GNE), the standard deviation of fundamental frequency (F0SD) and cepstral peak prominence (CPPp); and the "Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice" (ADSV) program was used to measure CPPadsv, low/high spectral ratio (LH) and the cepstral/spectral index of dysphonia (CSID). Outcome measures included sensitivity, specificity, and discrimination accuracy. Outcomes & Results: As individual acoustic measures, only spectral-based measures showed good (CPPadsv) and acceptable (CSID) discrimination results. The HNR, GNE and CPPp measures had acceptable sensitivity but poor or non-acceptable specificity and discrimination accuracy. Logistic regression models with all "Praat" measures (F0SD, HNR, GNE, CPPp) plus ADSV measures (CPPadsv, LH or CSID) provided excellent sensitivity, good-to-excellent specificity and excellent discrimination accuracy. ROC analysis for all individual measures showed that CPPadsv, CSID, CPPp, GNE and F0SD had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values. Conclusions & Implications: A combination of acoustic measures that evaluate the major aspects of vocal dysfunction resulted in good to excellent voice discrimination outcomes. Individual acoustic measures had lower discrimination ability than combined measures. The findings implied that acoustic measures extracted from a prolonged vowel were useful in voice disorder discrimination.